Residential Broadband: Fiber Access Now #1; Deep Fiber Penetration; Wireless Substitution & Forecasts
Fiber Tops DSL for Fixed Broadband Access:
Fiber has surpassed DSL as the most common fixed broadband access type, accounting for 43.2% of the global market, market research firm SNL Kagan wrote in a recently released market research report (subscription required). Kagan is a unit of S&P Global Intelligence.
Growth in fiber network deployment rose a sharp 55.6% worldwide year over year in 2016, putting fixed broadband connections on track to reach 1 billion subscriber lines by year-end 2021, a five-year CAGR of 5.2 %, Kagan wrote.
Note: It’s not clear if the fiber numbers cited by Kagan are based on FTTH via GPON, optical Ethernet or other technology such as hybrid fiber-copper/coax. Please see quotes below on deep fiber penetration from Jeff Heynen.
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In contrast, the global DSL market (ADSL, VDSL, SHDSL, etc) registered a 32% gain, according to Kagan’s data.
China and the U.S., respectively, are the two largest fixed broadband markets, accounting for 46.9% of the worldwide total in 2016. China alone accounts for 34.7% of the global total, and fixed broadband connections increased 45.7% in 2016 as Chinese providers continue to follow through on the central government’s Broadband China initiative.
In addition to a growing FTTH footprint in the U.S., fiber-connected commercial buildings are on the rise as well. The number of fiber-connected commercial buildings in the U.S. soared 49.6 percent year-to-year in 2016, according to the latest market data from Vertical Systems Group.
Nine in 10 U.S. commercial buildings lacked fiber network access back in 2004. That dropped to 50.4% last year.
Source: Article by Andrew Burger of Telecompetitor
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Telcos Transition to Deep Fiber Technologies & G.fast:
Jeff Heynen of SP Global Market Intelligence wrote in a recent blog post:
“The need to compete with cable gigabit service rollouts has forced telcos globally to shift spending on traditional ADSL and VDSL modems and gateways to units supporting deep fiber technologies, including fiber-to-the-home, or FTTH, and G.fast. The lone copper-based technology expected to see significant unit growth, G.fast, is forecast to jump from 825,500 units in 2017 to nearly 18 million units in 2022. In 2017, G.fast units are expected to represent just 1% of total DSL customer premises equipment, or CPE shipments. But by 2022, G.fast units, with the promise of faster speeds on traditional copper loops, are forecast to represent 31% of the total market. British Telecom (BT) should drive the most CPE shipments, with its announced plan to pass 10 million homes with G.fast by 2020. Beyond BT, Orange SA, AT&T Inc., CenturyLink Inc., Telekom Austria Group, Chunghwa Telecom and Israel’s Bezeq are expected to rely on G.fast for both single-family and multi-dwelling unit (MDU) deployments.”
Regarding AT&T’s announce move from VDSL2 to PON for it’s U-verse triple play service bundle, Heynen wrote:
“AT&T remains a major wildcard in the deployment of G.fast. Though the company has been firmly committed to shifting from its VDSL2-based U-Verse to Gigabit passive optical network (GPON)-based AT&T Fiber, the question is just how much of its existing U-Verse footprint will move to G.fast as opposed to full FTTH. Our expectation is that AT&T will use G.fast in certain residential markets, particularly MDUs and townhomes where G.fast can be deployed to address more than eight residences from a single DPU.”
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Residential Broadband Forecast by SNL Kagan:
Broadband subscriptions are on track to surpass 80% of U.S. households in 2017 and enjoy growing appeal in the five-year outlook. However, like the U.S. multichannel segment before it, the shadow of cord cutting threatens to darken service providers’ doorways in the extended forecast.
Residential high-speed data subscriptions are expected to crest the 100 million mark by the end of 2017 and hit 106.7 million by 2021, according the latest forecast from Kagan, a media research group within S&P Global Market Intelligence.
In the process, primary residential broadband connections from cable, telco, wireless and satellite services would reach nearly 84% of occupied households. While the appeal of broadband connections is not expected to lose its shine, the growth opportunity for wireline services faces limitations because of a consumer migration to wireless-only configurations.
Chart Courtesy of SNL Kagan
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Kagan’s revised outlook includes assumptions for an intensification of wireless competition, ramping up in 2020 and 2021 behind broader availability of 5G. However, the outlook still anticipates a reliance on wireline broadband for the majority of households as incumbent providers combat the lure of Internet cord cutting. The factors supporting confidence in wireline broadband include:
* Increasing speeds and monthly throughput — Wireline providers have consistently boosted speeds year over year with no sign of a ceiling.
* Greater in-home integration — Service providers are reaching beyond the three-product bundle to serve as home integrators of connectivity and other enhancements.
* Price competition — ISPs have capitalized on pricing headroom to boost rates and increase revenue but the thick HSD margins provide room to combat wireless replacement with more competitive prices.
* Interlocking fixed and wireless broadband packages — 5G’s reliance on dense local wireline networks for backhaul of the small cell architectures offers an opportunity for wireline providers to combine fixed and mobile subscriptions in a single package.
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Telco forecast by SNL Kagan:
U.S. telco’s residential broadband customers declined in 2016 with record full-year losses as a result of the drag from the diminishing legacy DSL base and cable competition.
According to Kagan estimates, the full industry finished the year with 33.1 million residential subs. Total HSD customers, including small businesses using DSL and fiber-deep connections, were also down at 36.4 million at the end of 2016.
With telcos losing legacy DSL customers primarily to cable, the industry has seen annual growth declines turn into net losses in the years since 2011 it had 800,000 net adds in 2011.
AT&T has demonstrated its long-term broadband commitment with its AT&T Fiber (previously called Giga Fiber) expansion. The service, which is more capable of competing with cable’s higher speeds, marks a shift from fiber-to-the-node to FTTH, allowing for planned speeds of up to 1 Gbps. However, AT&T’s decision to de-emphasize U-verse video stalled growth as some video customers defected to cable, switching broadband services in the process.
AT&T will lead the fiber-based telco footprint expansion. The AT&T 1 Gbps service is available in 52 of the 75 metro areas announced for the 100% fiber footprint as of the first quarter. By the end of 2016, the company had 4 million FTTH passings and expects to reach 12.5 million by mid-2019.
Verizon Communications Inc. announced it has upgraded speeds to nearly 1 Gbps in parts of its footprint. The enhancement, pushing customers to 940 Mbps down and 880 Mbps up, launched late April and is available to 8 million passings, more than half of the 14.1 million FiOS internet homes marketed as of the end of the first quarter.
Chart Courtesy of SNL Kagan
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Wireless-only forecast by SNL Kagan:
The wireless-only segment, i.e., households that use a wireless service as their primary Internet connection, has been kept in check with limited speeds and capacity constraints, but the landscape is expected to change. The opportunity for wireline HSD disruption and accelerated growth in single data services for consumers arrives later in the outlook with the adoption of the 5G platform.
Verizon expects the 5G standard to feature an exponential increase in speed with download speeds of multiple gigabits per second and millisecond latency that will deliver the benefits of fiber to wireless including 4K video streaming.
Verizon said a launch before 2020 is a real possibility based on the wireless industry’s engagement.
In the near term, the top two telcos, AT&T and Verizon, are moving ahead with their network upgrades to 5G. AT&T announced it will begin its transition to 5G in 20 metro areas by the end of 2017 and Verizon said it will deliver 5G services to customers in 11 markets in the first half of 2017.
We anticipate 5G standards to be in place midway through the outlook, with increased adoption of the service picking up in 2020 when the services launches.
AT&T launched its fixed wireless internet service in April. The company said the service will reach 400,000 locations by the end of 2017 and more than 1.1 million by 2020. The service is marketed at $60 per month for 160 GB of data. However, with fixed wireless download speeds initially pegged at 10 Mbps, we expect satellite HSD with its faster speeds to grow faster in rural and unserved areas until fixed wireless speeds increase.
The next generation of technology has the potential to lift wireless-only customers with the draw of improved speeds. However, even with 5G speeds on par or exceeding wireline HSD, we do not see it is a displacement for wireline offerings. We forecast the wireless segment to increase but still represent only a small portion of customers that rely on it solely for broadband access due to bandwidth limitations and a 5G rollout that could favor major metropolitan areas.
Kagan expects the number of households relying solely on wireless HSD connections to increase to 6.4 million by 2021. (To avoid double-counting, our tally excludes customers with wireless connections who also subscribe to wired HSD services.
Chart Courtesy of SNL Kagan
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AT&T to Trial Highly Touted AirGig Technology for fronthaul/backhaul
AT&T plans to conduct two trials of its AirGig millimeter-wave technology to show how it could be an alternative to fiber-based fronthaul (access) and backhaul, AT&T’s President of Technology Operations Bill Hogg said at the Jefferies 2017 Global Technology Conference which was webcast. Mr. Hogg mostly talked about the evolution of AT&Ts wireless network as it moves toward “5G.” That included: LTE Advanced, higher order MIMO, luse of small cells, distributed antenna systems, licensed and unlicensed spectrum, centralized RAN (also known as Cloud RAN or C-RAN), and other wireless network densification schemes.
The highly touted (but unproven) AirGig technology uses electrical power lines as a waveguide for millimeter wave, providing data transmission at multigigabit speeds. We wrote about AT&T’s planned AirGig trial in this Feb 1, 2017 article. It was first discussed 17 minutes and 40 seconds into Hogg’s talk during the Jeffferies Conference webcast (with hyper-link noted above).
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Sidebar: For comparison purposes, note that both Verizon and Google are looking at millimeter wave broadband wireless technology to replace fiber to the home in their respective triple play offerings (Google Fiber and Verizon FioS).]
Propagation or the distance signals can travel, is much better than if “you just had millimeter wave antennas pointed at each other,” Hogg noted during the webcast.
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“It’s (AirGig) a great alternative to stringing up fiber, especially in rural areas where you have long runs,” he commented. “These are great opportunities to leverage the physical infrastructure that’s already been deployed.”
AT&T anticipates using AirGig to provide “fronthaul and backhaul instead of deploying fiber” for small cells, Hogg said. AT&T also envisions “using small cells as a drop to the house in a fixed wireless capability.”
AirGig also has the potential to detect changes in sensitivity that could indicate line breaks or when branches are lying on a powerline – a capability that could be very valuable to electric power companies, according to Hogg. The technology also may be able to support wireless meter reading for those power companies, he added.
Hogg reiterated AT&T’s previously announced plan to conduct two trials of the technology this year to perfect the model and deployment of AirGig. It leverages the physical infrastructure (power lines) that’s already deployed.
Having an integrated wireline and wireless network is a key asset for AT&T, Hogg said. “We’ve got a lot of experience in it,” he added.
References:
AT&T Offers AirGig Update, Reiterates Upcoming Trials for Fiber Fronthaul/Backhaul Alternative
http://about.att.com/story/trial_project_airgig.html
Service Providers Talk White Box Trials & Future at 2017 NFV World Congress
Introduction:
The 2017 NFV World Congress was held May 2-5, 2017 in San Jose, CA. This author attended the first two days and was quite impressed with the depth and breadth of the presentations and panel sessions.
According to conference Chair Mark Lum, there were over 40 network operator speakers and/or panelists on the program. Those included AT&T, Verizon, Sprint, Deutsche Telekom, BT, Orange, Cable Labs (representing the cablecos/MSOs), NTT (2 divisions), China Unicom, Level 3, PCCW Global, and Google (which designs and deploys their own backbone + customer facing network along with a managed WiFi network for India Railways). A few of the operator keynotes and panel sessions were from:
- Ken Duell | AVP, New Technology Product Development & Engineering | AT&T
- Shawn Hakl | Vice President | Verizon
- Mansoor Hanif | Director of Converged Networks Research Lab | BT
- Vijoy Pandey | Head of Engineering, Networking | Google
- Geng Lin | CTO, Enterprise Network & Infrastructure Services | Google
- Phil McKinney | President & CEO | CableLabs
- Patrick Lopez | VP Networks Innovation | Telefónica (panel and keynote)
- Andrew Dugan | CTO | Level 3 Communications (panel)
- Lyle Bertz | Principal NFV/SDN Architect | Sprint
- Klaus Martiny | Senior Program Manager | Deutsche Telekom (ETSI NFV ISG)
- Hany Fahmy | AVP – Global Public Policy | AT&T
- Jehanne Savi | Executive Leader, All-IP & On-Demand Networks Programs | Orange
- Christos Kolias | Sr. Research Scientist & Principal | Orange
- Francisco-Javier Ramón | Head of Network Virtualisation, GCTO | Telefónica
- Travis Ewert | SVP – Network SW Development | Level 3 Communications
- Ichiro Fukuda | Chief Architect, Infrastructure | NTT Innovation Institute
- Kazuaki Obana | Executive Research Engineer | NTT DOCOMO
- David Hughes | VP Engineering | PCCW Global
- Shahar Steiff | AVP New Technologies | PCCW Global
- Zheng Yi | Senior engineer of IDC network | China Unicom
- Tetsuya Nakamura | Principal Architect | CableLabs
White Boxes Take Center Stage:
During the conference, quite a few network providers, including AT&T, Verizon and Telefonica, talked about open source software running on white boxes. AT&T is preparing a US coast-to-coast trial, Verizon hinted that they would deploy white boxes soon, while Telefonica is committed to the Facebook organized Telecom Infrastructure Project (TIP) which is specifying “open hardware.” In a blog post last June, Telefonica explained why it had joined TIP.
1. AT&T’s Ken Duell, PhD said that AT&T had virtualized 34% of its network functions (via AT&T VNFs*) at the end of 2006 with a goal of 55% VNFs by the end of 2017 and 75% by 2020. If so, this year would be the “tipping point” for AT&T’s virtualization of network functions as the majority of AT&T services would be delivered by VNFs.
* A Virtual Network Function (VNF) is often referred to as a “virtual appliance for networking.” It replicates the functions of a specific type of physical network equipment via software running on a commodity compute server. Examples include: virtual router, virtual firewall, virtual application delivery controller, virtual session border controller, etc.
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ONAP, previously described in this article, is an OS platform for managing and orchestrating network services. It was positioned as being complementary to VNFs. Ken said both ONAP and VNFs would run on multiple white box configurations that provided closed loop control, self-service, and quick development of network applications (which would run on top of ONAP).
In AT&T’s forthcoming “coast to coast” white box trial there will be: three different chip vendors (Barefoot, Broadcom, and Intel); Network OS from Snaproute; and two ODMs (Agema and Edgecore). Value added functions would use “closed loop control,” Duell said. Please refer to AT&T White Box Trial illustration below.
Chart courtesy of AT&T
The white box switching and routing platform architecture is based on disaggregated hardware and software (courtesy of the Open Compute Project), a distributed network OS (dNOS), transition from closed (vendor proprietary boxes) to open networking (white box) environment, mix and match 3rd party control and management plane and VNFs though a common network data base. Hardware and software are independently enabled by a hardware abstraction layer. All of the above is depicted in the graphic below
Chart courtesy of AT&T
During the Q &A session, Ken noted that the scope of AT&T’s VNFs will be to grow new services, not to re-implement old one’s. In particular, old legacy services (e.g. based on TDM) won’t have VNFs and customers using some of those legacy services will be encouraged to move to new packet services replacing them.
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Sidebar: AT&T wrote on the NFV website:
AT&T is on the leading edge in applying real-world SDN and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) concepts to a carrier environment. The first of those deployments to launch, Network on Demand, allows customers to adjust their network capabilities on demand in nearly real time.
This network is supported by Domain 2.0, our supplier program, which will transform our network to a modern, open, cloud-based architecture. Domain 2.0 allows us to collaborate with a variety of vendors offering equipment to build this new architecture, based on NFV and SDN. We continue to seek out and welcome suppliers through an open and ongoing procurement process. http://about.att.com/innovation/sdn
Note: AT&T last month said it tested an open source, white box switch carrying customer traffic.
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2. Verizon’s Shawn Hakl said incumbent network providers have put a large amount of dollars into new VNF and Software Defined (SD) infrastructure (including SD-WANs), which penalizes upstart providers that don’t have the money to invest in those areas. For example, Verizon built an “orchestrator of orchestrator’s” to support its network virtualization technology.
He said that VNF innovation would necessitate multiple VNFs per box, micro-services (undefined), orchestration, and customized service(s) per customer. Shawn claimed that “customers want true white boxes – commercial off the shelf hardware which could be re-purposed (for different services or applications). He said that Verizon’s move to white boxes aligns with the companies long term “cloud vision” and that Bring Your Own Hardware (BYOH) is coming.” However, he did not say when and was not at all definitive as Ken Duell of AT&T (as described above).
During a Q & A, Hakl would not disclose which white box vendors’ equipment would be included but said it will be a “mix of traditional and non-traditional suppliers. Customers differentiate between white box and gray box solutions. We’ve firmly seen customers are looking for standard off-the-shelf hardware, and they are willing to wait for this,” he said. “They perceive their risk to be really low. The people who have that are going to clean up,” he added.
Backgrounder: In 2015, Verizon introduced a software-defined wide-area network (SD-WAN) service. A year later, it began applying network functions virtualization (NFV) to its enterprise customers. Next up: a white-box approach employs a cloud model to deliver services.
It’s interesting to note that with all the talk about a “cloud vision,” Verizon has exited the cloud computing business after acquiring Teramark for their data centers (now divested) to enable them to be a viable cloud service provider. Verizon recently sold its cloud and managed hosting services to IBM in a deal that also includes further collaboration on networking and cloud services. The companies said the deal will allow each to “fully realize the benefits of their cloud computing investments.”
Conclusion:
Apparently Verizon and AT&T believe a white box solution enables service providers to deliver services on-demand, quickly, and efficiently. However, there’s a lot more systems integration involved as a network OS, various VNFs and a Management and Network Orchestration (MANO) software entity must be included to make NFV a commercial reality. Also note that there are no standards for exposed interfaces, APIs or inter-layer interfaces (e.g. between a VNF and MANO). In fact, one of the lunchtime roundtable discussions at Wednesday’s NFV Congress was whether or not telco’s could leverage open source MANO? That remains to be seen.
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NFV Specification Status:
While NFV implementations are now being specified by Open Source projects like OPNFV (LINUX Foundation) and OSM (ETSI Open Source MANO), the foundation work for NFV was done by the ETSI Industry Specification Group for Network Functions Virtualization (ETSI ISG NFV).
That ETSI group was responsible for developing requirements and a reference architecture for virtualization for various functions within telecom networks. ETSI ISG NFV launched in January 2013 when it brought together seven leading telecoms network operators, including: AT&T, BT, Deutsche Telekom, Orange, Telecom Italia, Telefonica, and Verizon. These companies were joined by 52 other network operators, telecoms equipment vendors, IT vendors, and technology providers to make up the ETSI ISG NFV. Not long after, the ETSI ISG NFV community grew to over 230 individual companies, including many global service providers. Please visit various references below:
ETSI ISG NFV References:
NFV Technology Page (information): http://www.etsi.org/nfv
NFV Portal (working area): http://portal.etsi.org/nfv
NFV Proofs of Concept (information): http://www.etsi.org/nfv-poc
NFV Plugtest (information & registration): http://www.etsi.org/nfvplugtest
Open Area-Drafts: http://docbox.etsi.org/ISG/NFV/Open/Drafts/
Issue tracker: http://nfvwiki.etsi.org/index.php?title=NFV_Issue_Tracker
https://www.layer123.com/nfv-webcast-mle123-live/
Highlights of IoT Developers Conference, April 26-27, 2017 in Santa Clara, CA
Introduction:
There seems to be an Internet of Things (IoT) conference every month at the Santa Clara Convention Center, with the same issues and problems being discussed at each one.
The IoT Developers conference (IoT DevCon) is different. The conference is intended for embedded design engineers and managers working on IoT technologies and applications. IoT DevCon seems to be the only conference and trade show focused specifically on the IoT product developer with real solutions discussed in technical sessions and several IoT modules/platforms displayed on the exhibit floor.
That’s why we found the conference very refreshing. In particular, sessions on IoT security, Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs), IoT FOG (edge computing) platforms and moving from IoT proof of concept (PoC) to production.
Sessions Attended:
These are the sessions we attended and learned from:
- Powering a Bold New IoT Conversation, Greenwave Systems
- Security Trade-offs and Commissioning Methods for IoT Wireless Protocols, Silicon Labs
- Makeup of an Ideal Secured IoT Device, CENTRI Technology
- How to Securely Connect to the Cloud, ST Microelectronics
- FOG Computing’s Role in Solving Next-Generation IoT Challenges, Cisco
- Why are 70% of IoT Projects Stuck in PoC Purgatory?, Electric Imp
- Navigating the Non-Cellular Sea: Transitioning to LPWAN, Podsystem Inc
- LoRa Technology and Real World Applications, Microchip Technology Inc
Please contact the author ([email protected]) or the particular speaker if you’d like additional information on any of the above sessions.
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Observations:
Due to time and space limitations, we can’t cover all of the above sessions or the various IoT modules observed on the show floor. This conference report focuses on LPWANs, which is the hottest area for IoT wide area connectivity between devices/gateway and the ISP point of presence.
On other topics, speakers said security was improving for wireless LANs (especially WiFi), that there were specific steps and recommendations to move from IoT proof of concept (PoC) to production, and there is a very important role for FOG or edge computing in many IoT industry verticals (especially those requiring low latency or caching of information).
LPWAN Sessions:
1. Navigating the non-cellular sea- Transitioning to LPWANs, Sam Colley, CEO, Podsystem Inc.
Abstract: There is currently a lot of talk surrounding non-cellular connectivity for IoT, and it can be difficult to see how to integrate these new services with your existing devices. The applications that can benefit from these technologies are almost endless, from smart roads to agriculture and renewable energy, but as LPWAN expands globally, cellular technology will help to supplement its growth. For these sectors and countless more, freedom to use both cellular and LPWAN technologies together is crucial to minimise downtime, and allows devices to be future-proofed despite major market changes. Mr. Colley’s presentation delineated the different options available to the IoT market today, and show that a flexible approach to connectivity is the most sensible approach in these interim stages of LPWAN.
Backgrounder: Podsystem Group is a global Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) offering data connectivity worldwide via three dedicated divisions focused on the M2M/IoT, business enterprise and operator markets. The company is privately owned, 100% dedicated to customers needs and focused on research, development and innovation. Podsystem claims to have a “unique data connectivity solution provides maximum reliability and control.”
What are LPWANs?
As we’ve discussed in many previous tech blog posts (e.g. 2016 IoT World-Part 3), LPWANs are low power, low speed, (perhaps) low duty cycle, wireless wide area networks that are specifically intended for low cost IoT/M2M communications. They are NOT for broadband mobile endpoints (e.g. smartphones, tablets, low latency or high bandwidth IoT devices, etc). That class of IoT devices is best served by LTE, LTE-Advanced or “5G.”
Chart Courtesy of Podsystem Inc.
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Among the LPWAN contenders are: LTE Category M (or M1), Narrow Band (NB)-IoT, LoRa WAN, Sigfox (proprietary network provider), Weightless SIG, Random Phase Multiple Access (RPMA) by Ingenu, and many other proprietary versions.
Sigfox is the largest deployment of the LPWANs globally, operating primarily in France. It is based on a proprietary Radio Access Network (RAN) specification that uses (free) unlicensed spectrum and requires low power devices as IoT endpoints. Of course, the risk with unlicensed spectrum is frequency interference. Other attributes of Sigfox include:
- Extremely low throughput – 18-36 bytes/s
- Unique Positioning Technology (spot’it)
- Very Low Power
- Very Low Cost to user
- Infrastructure required is high – Sigfox must build it all
- Could be said to be a niche technology due to limitations
Note: Upon invitation by this author, Sigfox presented their technology at an IEEE ComSocSCV meeting in 2015.
Mr. Colley said that the Weightless SIG, now aligned with ETSI (with three different versions), is the only truly open LPWAN standard. It comes in three versions as we’ve previously described in this blog post.
The cellular industry’s response for LPWANs was to introduce LTE-Category M (sometimes referred to as LTE-CAT M1) and NB-IoT. However, that’s caused even more confusion in the areas of cost, power and coverage.
Safeguarding against a wealth of standards and technologies or future -proofing will be very difficult. 5G and cellular IoT offerings (LTE, LTE CAT M/M1, 5G, etc) will expand cellular IoT use, no single connectivity option will suit every application. Here are a few suggestions offered by Sam:
• Agnostic approach will be necessary
• Businesses tied to one technology face incompatibility
• Dual cellular/LPWAN modules could bridge gap
• Secures against failure of any one standard – forward compatibility
• Platforms can offer true interoperability
• Centralized control of different technologies across your base
• Consolidating account management including billing without compromising on one bestfit connectivity
• Receivers & transmitters must not be restricted – future cross-sector competition & collaboration requires adaptable connectivity
Chart Courtesy of Podsystem Inc.
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LoRa Technology and Real World Applications, Dave Richkas Product Line Manager, Microchip Technology Inc.
Abstract: Microchip believes that LoRa WAN has become established as the leading technology within the LPWAN space, with a fast growing ecosystem of solutions ready to use today. Mr Richkas’ presentation provided an overview of the LoRaWAN technology and its capabilities, a view into the LoRa Alliance and its growing membership, plus real world examples of both public and private deployments.
Comment: This author was surprised and impressed to learn how many companies had joined the LoRA Alliance and how many LoRA WAN networks have been deployed to date. As noted in the illustration below, there are 460+ members of the LoRa Alliance. The member list is here.
Chart courtesy of LoRa Alliance
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Technical Aspects: LoRaWAN™ is a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) specification intended for wireless battery operated “Things” in a regional, national or global network. LoRaWAN targets key requirements of Internet of Things such as secure bi-directional communication, mobility and localization services. The LoRaWAN specification provides seamless inter-operability among smart Things without the need of complex local installations and gives back the freedom to the user, developer, businesses enabling the roll out of Internet of Things.
LoRaWAN network architecture is typically laid out in a star-of-stars topology in which gateways is a transparent bridge relaying messages between end-devices and a central network server in the backend. Gateways are connected to the network server via standard IP connections while end-devices use single-hop wireless communication to one or many gateways. All end-point communication is generally bi-directional, but also supports operation such as multicast enabling software upgrade over the air or other mass distribution messages to reduce the on air communication time.
Communication between end-devices and gateways is spread out on different frequency channels and data rates. The selection of the data rate is a trade-off between communication range and message duration. Due to the spread spectrum technology, communications with different data rates do not interfere with each other and create a set of “virtual” channels increasing the capacity of the gateway. LoRaWAN data rates range from 0.3 kbps to 50 kbps. To maximize both battery life of the end-devices and overall network capacity, the LoRaWAN network server is managing the data rate and RF output for each end-device individually by means of an adaptive data rate (ADR) scheme.
Dave noted that each LoRa endpoint device class has different behavior depending on the choice of optimization: Class A – Battery Powered; Class B – Low Latency; Class C – No Latency.
A key point is that the LoRa certification program is essential for successful inter-operability between the endpoint device and LoRa WAN. There are multiple independent test houses accredited for Alliance certification and a growing list of certified low cost products.
There are at least 34 national deployments of LoRa WAN. Network operators that support LoRa include: Comcast, Bouygues Telecom. KPN, Orange, Tata Communications, SK Telecom, Swisscom and several new players. For example:
- Senet has deployed a U.S. nationwide LoRa network;
- Digimondo FireFly (a subsidiary of E.On Energy Company) is deploying a German-wide LoRa network;
- Digital Catapult has a “Things Connected” IoT network in London, England;
- KPN has deployed a nationwide LoRA WAN in the Netherlands;
- SK Telecom (working with Samsung) has a nationwide LoRA WAN in South Korea.
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Microchip, which acquired Atmel last year, intends to provide for local wireless (e.g. IEEE 802.15.4 sub gHz radio), personal area networks (e.g. BlueTooth), and LPWANs (e.g. LoRa WAN) in different modules it makes. For more information on a new Microchip product for wireless IoT designs visit their press release here.
–>The company displayed a LoRa WAN connected mousetrap in their booth on the exhibit floor. They also showed the following as per Dave Richkas post conference email:
1. SAM R21 & SAM R30 System in Packages (SiPs) for wireless connected designs. The SAM R21 (SAM R21) and SAM R30 (SAM R30) have embedded ARM® Cortex®-M0+architecture which provides the developer with a choice of multiple wired interfaces, including: UART, SPI, I2C, USB host or device, GPIO and several 12-bit ADC channels. These wired interfaces bridge the connected sensors (digital or analog) to the wireless interface. Both SiP’s support the industry standard IEEE 802.15.4 MAC/PHY layer. The SAM R21 operates in the 2.4 GHz spectrum and was demonstrated in the Phillips Hue lighting solution along with theATMEGA2564RFR2 MCU, which was used in the energy harvesting switch that sends Zigbee® packets to control the lights (SAM R21) through the Hue Hub (SAM R21). The SAM R30 bridges those same interfaces to 15.4 operating in the Sub-GHz space where better range can be realized.
2. The LoRa modules shown included the RN2903A (for North America) which offers a standard UART interface and is controlled with Simple ASCII commands – that means no special software tools or code to compile. There is also an option to add your own basic sensor code to the 8-bit MCU (micro-controller) inside the module to utilize additional GPIO and serial interfaces using Microchip’s MPLAB®Integrated Development Environment with Microchip’s Code Compiler – MCC.
End quote from Dave Richkas of Microchip:
“Our goal is to continue to deliver lower-power connectivity solutions that meet our customers’needs. Battery-powered remote solutions are becoming more and more popular. Additionally, the need for extended range emphasizes the need for sub-GHz wireless solutions for IoT. LoRa can deliver 10Km of range and last years on a couple of AAA batteries. Designers are also looking for ways to “cheat” range limitations and that’s where technologies such as our MiWi™ protocol delivers more than a simple point-to-point connection and provides star (demonstrated on the SAM R30 at the show) and mesh configurations.”
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LPWAN and LoRa WAN References:
https://iot-for-all.com/history-of-lpwan-look-future-of-lpwan/
IoT World Summary Part III: Too Many Wireless WAN (LPWAN) "Standards" & Specs
http://www.amihotechnology.com/global-perspective-lorawan/
https://www.i-scoop.eu/internet-of-things-guide/iot-network-lora-lorawan/
T-Mobile to offer 5G in 2019; nationwide coverage in 2020
T-Mobile is the latest wireless carrier to jump the gun on standardized 5G (IMT 2020 standards won’t be completed by ITU-R WP5 till end of 2020 as we’ve noted many, many times). It’s anticipated that 5G networks will provide faster speeds and much lower latency than the current 4G LTE and LTE Advanced networks and will be able to connect in excess of 100 billion devices.
T-Mobile CEO John Legere said in a video post on Tuesday, May 2nd that the “un-carrier” plans to begin rolling out a fifth-generation network (“5G”) in the United States in 2019. T-Mobile’s 5G network will be facilitated by the spectrum it bought in the FCC’s reverse spectrum auction last month.+
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+ FCC Auction explained: TV broadcasters sold their spectrum which was then bid for by broadband wireless network operators in a later auction held this April. T-Mobile got the largest share of those airwaves as we described in this post).
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The No. 3 wireless carrier in the U.S. will use a portion of the low-band spectrum it said it was buying for $8 billion in the aforementioned FCC auction. About half of the company’s 600 MHz spectrum will be used for LTE and the other half will be used for its nationwide 5G network. However, Legere also said that T-Mobile will use other spectrum bands like 28 GHz and 39 GHz and mid-band spectrum for 5G as well. CTO Neville Ray noted in a blog post (see below) that the company has about 200 MHz of spectrum in the 28/39 GHz bands covering nearly 100 million PoPs and some mid-band spectrum. “5G will ultimately use all spectrum bands,” Legere added.
T-Mobile CTO Neville Ray wrote in a blog post that T-Mobile will begin building a 5G network in 2019 and have a nationwide network in 2020. Mr. Ray noted that T-Mobile’s 2019 launch will coincide with when 3GPP-certified chipsets and other 5G equipment is likely to become available. “As 5G standards are defined, chipsets are delivered, and equipment comes to market, we expect to be 3GPP certified and be able to deploy 5G on clean spectrum,” Ray said.
Verizon is testing such a service with equipment maker Ericsson in 11 markets in the U.S. and expects a commercial launch as early as 2018. Meanwhile, AT&T said earlier this year that it had successfully completed tests with Nokia [NOKI.UL] that delivered its streaming video service DirecTV Now over a 5G connection using millimeter wave technology.
While AT&T and Verizon have talked about faster broadband in denser urban areas as the first stage of 5G, T-Mobile wants to try to differentiate its efforts by emphasizing broader coverage that can support connected devices in the years to come, said Roger Entner, an analyst at Recon Analytics.
“Everyone is getting into 5G,” Entner said. “The angle they’re using to get in is slightly different.” T-Mobile’s 5G network could be used for applications such as tracking everything from packages in delivery trucks to children, according to Entner.
Verizon Communications Inc and AT&T Inc have been conducting 5G trials that incorporate high-band airwaves called millimeter wave spectrum to deliver what they hope will be an ultra-fast broadband service that could help them better compete with cable providers. While millimeter wave technology offers faster speeds, it cannot cover big geographic areas.
Verizon is testing such a service with equipment maker Ericsson in 11 markets in the U.S. and expects a commercial launch as early as 2018. Meanwhile, AT&T said earlier this year that it had successfully completed tests with Nokia [NOKI.UL] that delivered its streaming video service DirecTV Now over a 5G connection using millimeter wave technology.
While AT&T and Verizon have talked about faster broadband in denser urban areas as the first stage of 5G, T-Mobile wants to try to differentiate its efforts by emphasizing broader coverage that can support connected devices in the years to come, said Roger Entner, an analyst at Recon Analytics.
“Everyone is getting into 5G,” Entner said. “The angle they’re using to get in is slightly different.” T-Mobile’s 5G network could be used for applications such as tracking everything from packages in delivery trucks to children, according to Entner. “I’m a little bit skeptical of how quickly this happens,” he added.
In an interview with Reuters, T-Mobile’s Chief Technology Officer Neville Ray said the company was pragmatic in its launch goals. “It’s not like we’re going to have a 5G network tomorrow,” he said. But “we want to start talking about…the applications that 5G can bring.”
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What T-Mobile won’t be doing is building a 5G network for fixed wireless service in millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum like the 28 GHz and 39 GHz bands to deliver video and broadband connectivity. Legere mocked both AT&T and Verizon for their plans to launch a fixed 5G service in mmWave spectrum, saying they want to compete with big cable but they will both be using spectrum that can’t deliver a 5G signal very far. “Basically it’s a series of hot spots,” Legere said.
Note: Sprint (#4 US wireless carrier) has not yet announced when it will roll out 5G. The company notes that in addition to the Radio Access Network (RAN) there are many other functions that need to be in place (e.g. virtualization, management, SLAs for various use cases, BSS/OSS, etc) before 5G can go live.
References:
https://newsroom.t-mobile.com/video_display.cfm?video_id=15838
https://newsroom.t-mobile.com/news-and-blogs/nationwide-5g-blog.htm
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-t-mobile-us-5g-idUSKBN17Y1JI
https://techblog.comsoc.org/2017/04/14/t-mobile-dish-networks-dominate-19-8b-fcc-auction/
AT&T: SD-WAN needed for SMB customers, but VPN not going away
Overview:
AT&T told investment analysts this week that software-defined WAN (SD-WAN) technology would be a key part of its portfolio down the road, especially for small and medium-size businesses. AT&T CEO Randall Stephenson offered insight into AT&T’s SD-WAN strategy on its Q1-2017 earnings call on Wednesday.
Most of the call, especially the prepared remarks, was devoted to AT&T’s wireless operations, 5G availability, DirecTV and DirecTV Now, and the Time Warner acquisition (“moving along as scheduled”). Yet AT&T did talk about strategic business services during the Q & A session of the call. In response to a question from David W. Barden – Bank of America Merrill Lynch about SD-WANs, CEO Stephenson said:
“On the SD-WAN, yeah, it’s real. It tends to be real down-market (SMB), David, and you should assume that we’re developing capability ourselves, because it’s a viable offer down-market. We’re seeing some effect from it. It’s not material yet, but we think it’s a legitimate capability. We need to be there; we need to have it. And so up-market (large enterprise customers), the traditional VPN capability is always, we think, is going to be the enduring capability. But down-market (SMB), we’re going to have to be prepared to compete with this kind of offering.”
Background:
AT&T hasn’t released its own SD-WAN solution yet, but the mega service provider said on October 5, 2016:
“For a customer with similarity across sites and looking to deploy SD-WAN at all locations, the AT&T SD-WAN premises-based, over the top solution (?) may be the best fit. The premises-based, over the top solution will be avaFor a customer with similarity across sites and looking to deploy SD-WAN at all locations, the AT&T SD-WAN premises-based, over the top solution (?) may be the best fit. The premises-based, over the top solution will be available later this year.”
–>It wasn’t and there’s still no definite availability date!
That same day, AT&T revealed it was collaborating with SD-WAN vendor VeloCloud with the aim of releasing a solution sometime in 2017. AT&T’s said its SD-WAN service will let customers manage application performance and bandwidth by allowing them to set parameters for routing data traffic across different access types.
AT&T will continue to market traditional MPLS-based VPN services to its large enterprise customer base. “Up market, the traditional VPN capability is going to be the enduring capability,” as per Stephenson quote above.
A network-based system could build off a customer’s existing MPLS, Carrier Ethernet or wireless connections. Customers could use SD-WAN to manage their various wired and wireless Internet connections from third parties.
“For SD-WAN solutions, AT&T is the first provider in the industry to announce both an over-the-top solution as well as a network-based SD-WAN solution, which couples smart SD-WAN CPE with a smart MPLS network,” wrote a VeloCloud spokesmen to SDxCentral. “A typical SD-WAN solution is deployed in an over-the-top manner, i.e., SD-WAN CPE is deployed at every customer site, and tunnels are established over the network transport links among sites,” he added.
Comment: AT&T hasn’t announced availability of any SD-WAN service so the VeloCloud spokesman is less than honest! AT&T has touted its SD-WAN over the top option (whatever that means), but hasn’t delivered it yet to paying customers. Nonetheless, the VeloCloud website lists AT&T as a “managed service provider partner”:
“AT&T SD-WAN efficiently routes data traffic across a wide area network, choosing the access type for the best network performance. AT&T provides options in the SD-WAN category: a network-based option that enables virtually seamless connectivity across multiple site types, and provides an easy transition for customers with existing AT&T VPN services; an over-the-top premises-based option for businesses that want to deploy SD-WAN at all sites.”
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Being able to provide VPN capabilities along with Carrier Ethernet has been a key factor in how AT&T has retained its profile as one of the largest domestic U.S. and international Ethernet providers.
SD-WAN may represent a future capability for AT&T’s business unit, particularly as a next-gen strategic service. That’s despite a challenging environment where businesses are not aggressively spending capital on business services.
Weaker Demand for Business Services:
AT&T CFO John Stephens said on the earnings call that interest in business services was not as strong as the company initially forecast.
“In the business segment, we saw weaker demand than we expected,” Stephens said. “U.S. business investment as percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) continues to be low.” Stephens added that “growth expectations in the economy have been rising, but we have yet to see that translate into economic gains or demand.”
Author Note:
A weak economy is a huge problem for network providers offering business services as spending on same is constrained by lower revenues. Another issue for SD-WAN is that many SMBs are choosing cloud computing and storage, rather than expanding their VPNs or looking for another solution to connect their branch offices and headquarters sites. Such a network topology change augers well for cloud network access solutions (like AT&T Netbond or Equinix Cloud Exchange), but not for SD-WANs.
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References:
http://about.att.com/story/att_unveils_sd_wan_hybrid_networking_strategy.html
http://searchsdn.techtarget.com/news/450400584/ATT-joins-long-list-of-SD-WAN-service-providers
https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/att-chooses-velocloud-deliver-sd-wan/2016/10/
https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/att-brewing-house-sd-wan-velocloud-help/2017/04/
https://opennetworkingusergroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/ONUG-SD-WAN-WG-Whitepaper_Final1.pdf
https://www.sdxcentral.com/sd-wan/definitions/software-defined-sdn-wan/
https://networkingnerd.net/2017/04/21/the-future-of-sdn-is-up-in-the-air/
2017 Open Networking Summit Best of Show Awards
We covered the 2017 ONS noting that ONAP “stole the show.” Indeed, it was voted “most buzzed about project” as per press release below.
2017 was the first time ONS included Best of Show awards. Finalists for each award were selected by a panel of industry experts and analysts, and conference attendees then voted by email following the event to select the winners.
The recipients of the 2017 ONS Best of Show awards are:
· Most Buzzed About Project – ONAP (57.3% of votes)
o Finalists included: CORD, ONOS and OPNFV
· Best Exhibit Booth – Barefoot Networks (70.2% of votes)
o Finalists included: Dell, Ericsson and Huawei
· Best Announcement/Coverage – Open Network Automation Platform (ONAP) Project Releases Code, Expands Membership and Announces Board Positions (50.4% of votes)
o Finalists included: Alibaba Joins the Microsoft SONiC Community; Espresso Makes Google Cloud Faster, More Available and Cost Effective by Extending SDN to the Public Internet; and OPNFV, the Open Source Project for Integrated Testing of Full, Next-Generation Networking Stack, Issues its Fourth Release
· SDN/NFV Solutions Showcase: Most Innovative Demo – ONAP – Open Network Automation Platform (38% of votes)
o Finalists included: CORD: Rapid Service Enablement with CORD; PNDA: Analytics in an Open Source World; and Service Orchestration Across Cloud Domains & Multi-domain Transport Network
· Most Disruptive Networking Technology (Vendor, Product or Solution) – Barefoot Networks (Programmable Data Plane) (42.2% of votes)
o Finalists included: AT&T & China Mobile (joining forces across entire open networking stack including ONAP); Google (bringing SDN to public internet); Intel (vision and drive for supporting 5G and Software Defined Data Centers); and SnapRoute and its FlexSwitch networking software
“ONS 2017 featured some incredible technology solutions that demonstrate the future for networking truly is open,” said Linux Foundation General Manager, Networking & Orchestration Arpit Joshipura. “There was tremendous competition for the Best of Show awards, and the winners should be proud that ONS attendees recognized their outstanding technologies, projects and announcements.”
ONS 2018 will take place at the InterContinental Los Angeles Downtown. The move from Silicon Valley, ONS’ traditional home, for 2018 reflects the wide reach of open networking. By taking place in a different geographic location, ONS will bring in new verticals and demonstrate different use cases for open networking technologies.
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About The Linux Foundation:
The Linux Foundation is the organization of choice for the world’s top developers and companies to build ecosystems that accelerate open technology development and commercial adoption. Together with the worldwide open source community, it is solving the hardest technology problems by creating the largest shared technology investment in history. Founded in 2000, The Linux Foundation today provides tools, training and events to scale any open source project, which together deliver an economic impact not achievable by any one company. More information can be found at www.linuxfoundation.org.
For more information: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/open-networking-summit-announces-best-of-show-award-winners-and-2018-dates-and-location-300446161.html
AT&T Fixed Wireless Internet Debuts in Georgia; 17 more states in 2017
On Monday, April 24th, AT&T announced the completion of its first wave rollout of fixed wireless internet in Georgia and said it is working to bring fixed wireless access to 17 more states this year. Those states include Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin.
AT&T’s Fixed Wireless Internet – offers customer speeds of at least 10 Mbps and 160 GB of internet usage per month via a professionally installed outdoor antenna. Additional data can be purchased in 50 GB increments for $10 each, up to a maximum of $200. WiFi is included in the service, as well as wired Ethernet connections for up to four devices. Fixed Wireless Internet data cannot be added to a Mobile Share plan, and Rollover Data is not included in the Fixed Wireless Internet plan.
“Access to the internet is an important tool for advancing opportunities in communities. It creates economic growth, helps increase community engagement, and makes education accessible,” AT&T’s SVP of Wireless and Wired Product Marketing Eric Boyer commented. “We’re committed to utilizing available technologies to connect hard-to-reach locations,” he added.
AT&T said the rollout is part of its FCC Connect America Fund commitment to serve more than 400,000 locations by the end of this year. The carrier has also pledged to expand that figure to more than 1.1 million locations by 2020. AT&T indicated more than 67,000 locations will be served by fixed wireless in Georgia by 2020.
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Samsung & SK Telecom offer Korea’s first LTE-Railway network
In contrast to the Google – India Railways managed WiFi network in India train stations, Samsung has partnered with SK Telecom to offer a LTE-R wireless railway management system, which has started operating in the company’s native South Korea.
The system, which officially deployed on the 41 km-long (25.5 miles) Busan Metro Line 1 between Sinpyeong and Nopo, has been in testing since February. Emerging as a partnership between Samsung, SK Telecom (the country’s largest wireless operator), and the Busan Transportation Corporation, this implementation will allow train operators to better communicate during mission-critical maintenance jobs via the use of “multimedia-based group call/SMS services” to enhance the “one-to-one voice call service between the control center, station employee, and the train engineer.”
In addition to the enhanced communication capabilities, the train operator can, in case of an accident, transmit real-time video between him and the control center, thanks to LTE-R’s low latency.
Jinsoo Jeong, Senior VP and Head of Domestic Business Marketing in Networks Business at Samsung, said:
“Reliability and stability are critical because they are directly tied to public safety. Today’s launch of the Samsung LTE-R solution with BTS and SK Telecom is a huge milestone for the industry. As a leading LTE-R solution provider, we enable fast and reliable communication on high-speed trains capable of speeds as high as 300km/hr, which is expected to be started early next year.”
Samsung has been the supplier of all five LTE-R implementations in the country since 2015. Korean officials stated their intent to extend the area covered by LTE-R to roughly 5,600 km (about 3,500 miles) by 2025.
References:
http://www.railway-technology.com/news/newsfirst-lte-railway-network-starts-official-service-in-korea-5793085
Verizon-Corning $1.05B fiber deal part of larger build-out or buy program
Executive Summary: Verizon has agreed to purchase optical fiber from Corning through 2020 for at least $1.05 billion. Verizon will buy up to 12.4 million miles of fiber each year, much of it for wireless backhaul [1] of its 4G and upcoming “5G” [2] networks.
Note 1. Fiber backhaul promises to be a huge issue for 5G as most cell towers today are not fiber connected. Verizon has announced it would be deploying a pre-standard version of 5G in mid 2017.
Note 2. We’ve pounded, smashed and broken the table by repeatedly stating that ALL “5G” rollouts prior to 2021 will be non-standard as the ITU-R “real 5G” recommendations from IMT 2020 WP5D won’t be completed till the end of 2020. In fact, the Radio Access Network technologies won’t be chosen till mid to late 2018!
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The deal: Corning will sell up to 12.4 million miles of optical fiber to Verizon each year from 2018 through 2020, with a minimum purchase commitment of $1.05 billion, according to the agreement.
In a statement, Verizon said the deal would help it meet its rollout schedule for a fiber-optic network in Boston. Verizon began fiber rollouts in Boston last year under a One Fiber initiative that calls for densifying fiber assets to prepare for “5G” fixed wireless services.
Verizon is testing a 5G fixed wireless service with equipment maker Ericsson in 11 U.S. markets and expects a commercial launch as early as 2018.
U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Ajit Pai said in a statement that he supported the Verizon-Corning deal and that the agency would “continue to focus on creating a regulatory climate that favors greater investment and competition.”
What’s Next for Verizon Fiber Build-out or Buy?
Verizon and competitor AT&T Inc have been buying assets in preparation for 5G roll-outs. On Friday, sources told Reuters that Verizon is considering making a buyout offer for wireless spectrum license holder Straight Path Communications Inc that would top AT&T‘s $1.25 billion bid for that company.
Verizon has said it would evaluate opportunities to build out or buy fiber on a market-by-market basis. In February, Verizon said it had closed on its acquisition of XO Communications’ fiber-optic network business for about $1.8 billion.
Earlier this year, Verizon released a forecast of its capital expenditures for 2017 as somewhere between $16.8 billion and $17.5 billion. Beyond the Corning deal, how much of Verizon’s CAPEX budget will be used for additional fiber build-outs is unclear.
Verizon has said it would evaluate opportunities to build-out or buy fiber on a market-by-market basis. In February, Verizon said it had closed on its acquisition of XO Communications’ fiber-optic network business for about $1.8 billion.
Verizon has also hinted at an interest in buying cable provider Charter Communications Inc, which would give it access to a fiber and cable network across 49 million homes.
Verizon Chief Executive Lowell McAdam told investors in December that a deal with Charter would make “industrial sense,” igniting takeover speculation.
But in an interview with CNBC on Tuesday, McAdam said the company had not found the right “architectural fit” that would justify doing a big deal.
References:
http://in.reuters.com/article/us-corning-verizon-idINKBN17K201
http://www.lightreading.com/gigabit/fttx/verizons-fiber-spend-wont-end-with-corning/d/d-id/732163