Nokia and Eolo deploy 5G SA mmWave “Cloud RAN” network
Nokia and Finnish telco and digital service provider Eolo have deployed what they claim is Europe’s first 5G standalone mmWave network, which they call a “5G Cloud RAN.”
- Nokia’s Cloud RAN solution ready for commercial deployment following a successful deployment with Elisa in Espoo, Finland powered by Red Hat OpenShift
- Cloud RAN supports Elisa’s efforts to provide more agile network services to its customers, by transforming network usage closer to the network edge
- Nokia’s anyRAN approach offers customers more flexibility, openness, security, and choice in their selection of cloud infrastructure
- Piloting cloud-native models offers Elisa valuable insight moving toward the 6G era
Nokia is providing its AirScale Massive MIMO radios, baseband software, and AI-powered MantaRay network management solution. It is also supplying its Shikra mmWave radios which, are suitable for dense urban environments and also able to deliver FWA connectivity of up to 1 Gbit/s to rural or underserved communities where wired infrastructure fears to tread.
The commercial deployment completed end-to-end 5G voice and data calls with Nokia’s 5G Cloud RAN solution including its AirScale Massive MIMO radios, baseband software, and AI-powered MantaRay network management solution. Nokia’s high-performance, energy-efficient Cloud RAN architecture seamlessly integrates with all leading cloud or server infrastructures. Elisa utilized Dell XR8620 servers as well as Red Hat OpenShift, the industry’s leading hybrid cloud application platform powered by Kubernetes, to support cloud-native RAN functions across the network. By integrating with Red Hat OpenShift, service providers have the option to scale their 5G network footprint and quickly introduce new services. The deployment verified areas such as capacity, performance, features, life cycle management, automation, and energy management.
As a pioneer of 5G services in Finland, Elisa is pursuing network cloudification and extending this transformation from the network core towards the access network. Cloudification plays a key role in the scalability of network services and allows the operator to meet customers’ changing needs. With Cloud RAN Elisa is able to shift the network computing power closer to the customers, whose network usage is transforming closer to the network edge. AI-powered applications are likely to accelerate the demand for edge computing in the future.
A benefit of the early adoption of Cloud RAN is trialing the new cloud-native production model, which differs significantly from earlier models, involves a whole new ecosystem. Deploying the first commercial 5G cloud network in Europe puts Elisa in a strong position while moving towards the 6G era – which is predicted to be increasingly cloud-native. Additionally, cloudification plays a key role in Elisa’s journey towards self-driving and self-healing autonomous networks.
Nokia is helping its global customers get their Cloud RAN networks up and running much faster, removing complexity, and ensuring openness and flexibility. Nokia has already completed numerous end-to-end 5G data calls in multi-supplier setups with hardware and software from its best-in-class ecosystem of leading industry partners. It is further evidence of Nokia’s flexible anyRAN approach that provides the best choice of strategic options for communications service providers and enterprises for their RAN evolution with purpose-built, hybrid, or Cloud RAN solutions, enabling customers to monetize their networks.
Kalle Lehtinen, Chief Technology Officer, Elisa said: “This successful Cloud RAN deployment with Nokia is another important step on our cloudification which started with cloudifying the network core and edge, and now includes the radio access network. We continue to pioneer new technologies in our journey towards autonomous operations helping us to continue innovating and delivering best customer experience.”
Honoré LaBourdette, vice president, Telco, Media, Entertainment & Edge Ecosystem, Red Hat, commented: “Red Hat is excited to continue our partnership with Nokia by helping service providers implement RAN for full end-to-end cloudification and automation of next-generation networks. Cloud RAN’s significance lies not only in providing an efficient and flexible way to deploy applications and derive value at the edge but also in boosting collaboration and innovation across the ecosystem. With Red Hat OpenShift, we’re making this vision a reality by offering a consistent hybrid cloud foundation that empowers businesses to build and scale the applications of the future.”
Aji Ed, Head of Cloud RAN at Nokia, said: “This successful collaboration with Elisa confirms that our Cloud RAN solution is ready for commercial deployment. Under our anyRAN approach, we work very closely with strategic partners like Red Hat and bring together best-in-class partner solutions to offer true flexibility and scalability to operators and enterprises. For our customers, cloudification will enable new revenue models and monetization options.”
Resources:
Webpage: Nokia Cloud RAN
Webpage: Nokia anyRAN
Webpage: Nokia AirScale Baseband
Event: Triangulates – Collaboration for Cloud RAN success
Whitepaper: Cloud RAN: Unlocking the power of 5G for a smarter, connected future
Ericsson and O2 Telefónica demo Europe’s 1st Cloud RAN 5G mmWave FWA use case
Ericsson and Google Cloud expand partnership with Cloud RAN solution
Will billions of dollars big tech is spending on Gen AI data centers produce a decent ROI?
One of the big tech themes in 2024 was the buildout of data center infrastructure to support generative (Gen) artificial intelligence (AI) compute servers. Gen AI requires massive computational power, which only huge, powerful data centers can provide. Big tech companies like Amazon (AWS), Microsoft (Azure), Google (Google Cloud), Meta (Facebook) and others are building or upgrading their data centers to provide the infrastructure necessary for training and deploying AI models. These investments include high-performance GPUs, specialized hardware, and cutting-edge network infrastructure.
- Barron’s reports that big tech companies are spending billions on that initiative. In the first nine months of 2024, Amazon, Microsoft, and Alphabet spent a combined $133 billion building AI capacity, up 57% from the previous year, according to Barron’s. Much of the spending accrued to Nvidia, whose data center revenue reached $80 billion over the past three quarters, up 174%. The infrastructure buildout will surely continue in 2025, but tough questions from investors about return on investment (ROI) and productivity gains will take center stage from here.
- Amazon, Google, Meta and Microsoft expanded such investments by 81% year over year during the third quarter of 2024, according to an analysis by the Dell’Oro Group, and are on track to have spent $180 billion on data centers and related costs by the end of the year. The three largest public cloud providers, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Azure and Google Cloud, each had a spike in their investment in AI during the third quarter of this year. Baron Fung, a senior director at Dell’Oro Group, told Newsweek: “We think spending on AI infrastructure will remain elevated compared to other areas over the long-term. These cloud providers are spending many billions to build larger and more numerous AI clusters. The larger the AI cluster, the more complex and sophisticated AI models that can be trained. Applications such as Copilot, chatbots, search, will be more targeted to each user and application, ultimately delivering more value to users and how much end-users will pay for such a service,” Fung added.
- Efficient and scalable data centers can lower operational costs over time. Big tech companies could offer AI cloud services at scale, which might result in recurring revenue streams. For example, AI infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) could be a substantial revenue driver in the future, but no one really knows when that might be.
Microsoft has a long history of pushing new software and services products to its large customer base. In fact, that greatly contributed to the success of its Azure cloud computing and storage services. The centerpiece of Microsoft’s AI strategy is getting many of those customers to pay for Microsoft 365 Copilot, an AI assistant for its popular apps like Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. Copilot costs $360 a year per user, and that’s on top of all the other software, which costs anywhere from $72 to $657 a year. Microsoft’s AI doesn’t come cheap. Alistair Speirs, senior director of Microsoft Azure Global Infrastructure told Newsweek: “Microsoft’s datacenter construction has been accelerating for the past few years, and that growth is guided by the growing demand signals that we are seeing from customers for our cloud and AI offerings. “As we grow our infrastructure to meet the increasing demand for our cloud and AI services, we do so with a holistic approach, grounded in the principle of being a good neighbor in the communities in which we operate.”
Venture capitalist David Cahn of Sequoia Capital estimates that for AI to be profitable, every dollar invested on infrastructure needs four dollars in revenue. Those profits aren’t likely to come in 2025, but the companies involved (and there investors) will no doubt want to see signs of progress. One issue they will have to deal with is the popularity of free AI, which doesn’t generate any revenue by itself.
An August 2024 survey of over 4,600 adult Americans from researchers at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Vanderbilt University, and Harvard University showed that 32% of respondents had used AI in the previous week, a faster adoption rate than either the PC or the internet. When asked what services they used, free options like OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Gemini, Meta Platform’s Meta AI, and Microsoft’s Windows Copilot were cited most often. Unlike 365, versions of Copilot built into Windows and Bing are free.
The unsurprising popularity of free AI services creates a dilemma for tech firms. It’s expensive to run AI in the cloud at scale, and as of now there’s no revenue behind it. The history of the internet suggests that these free services will be monetized through advertising, an arena where Google, Meta, and Microsoft have a great deal of experience. Investors should expect at least one of these services to begin serving ads in 2025, with the others following suit. The better AI gets—and the more utility it provides—the more likely consumers will go along with those ads.
Productivity Check:
We’re at the point in AI’s rollout where novelty needs to be replaced by usefulness—and investors will soon be looking for signs that AI is delivering productivity gains to business. Here we can turn to macroeconomic data for answers. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, since the release of ChatGPT in November 2022, labor productivity has risen at an annualized rate of 2.3% versus the historical median of 2.0%. It’s too soon to credit AI for those gains, but if above-median productivity growth continues into 2025, the conversation gets more interesting.
There’s also the continued question of AI and jobs, a fraught conversation that isn’t going to get any easier. There may already be AI-related job loss happening in the information sector, home to media, software, and IT. Since the release of ChatGPT, employment is down 3.9% in the sector, even as U.S. payrolls overall have grown by 3.3%. The other jobs most at risk are in professional and business services and in the financial sector. To be sure, the history of technological change is always complicated. AI might take away jobs, but it’s sure to add some, too.
“Some jobs will likely be automated. But at the same time, we could see new opportunities in areas requiring creativity, judgment, or decision-making,” economists Alexander Bick of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and Adam Blandin of Vanderbilt University tell Barron’s. “Historically, every big tech shift has created new types of work we couldn’t have imagined before.”
Closing Quote:
“Generative AI (GenAI) is being felt across all technology segments and subsegments, but not to everyone’s benefit,” said John-David Lovelock, Distinguished VP Analyst at Gartner. “Some software spending increases are attributable to GenAI, but to a software company, GenAI most closely resembles a tax. Revenue gains from the sale of GenAI add-ons or tokens flow back to their AI model provider partner.”
References:
AI Stocks Face a New Test. Here Are the 3 Big Questions Hanging Over Tech in 2025
Big Tech Increases Spending on Infrastructure Amid AI Boom – Newsweek
Superclusters of Nvidia GPU/AI chips combined with end-to-end network platforms to create next generation data centers
Ciena CEO sees huge increase in AI generated network traffic growth while others expect a slowdown
Proposed solutions to high energy consumption of Generative AI LLMs: optimized hardware, new algorithms, green data centers
SK Telecom unveils plans for AI Infrastructure at SK AI Summit 2024
Huawei’s “FOUR NEW strategy” for carriers to be successful in AI era
Initiatives and Analysis: Nokia focuses on data centers as its top growth market
India Mobile Congress 2024 dominated by AI with over 750 use cases
Reuters & Bloomberg: OpenAI to design “inference AI” chip with Broadcom and TSMC
Ciena CEO sees huge increase in AI generated network traffic growth while others expect a slowdown
Today, Ciena reported better than expected revenue of $1.12 billion in its 4th quarter, which was above analyst expectations of around $1.103 billion. Orders were once again ahead of revenue, even though the company had expected orders to be below revenue just a few months ago. A closer look at key metrics reveals mixed results, with some segments like Software and Services showing strong growth (+20.6% year-over-year) and others like Routing and Switching experiencing significant declines (-38.4% year-over-year).
Increased demand for the company’s Reconfigurable Line Systems (RLS), primarily from large cloud providers. And he said the company was also doing well selling its WaveLogic coherent optical pluggables, which optimize performance in data centers as they support traffic from AI and machine learning.
Ciena’s Managed Optical Fiber Networks (MOFN) technology is designed for global service providers that are building dedicated private optical networks for cloud providers. MOFN came about a few years ago when cloud providers wanted to enter countries where they weren’t allowed to build their own fiber networks. “They had to go with the incumbent carrier, but they wanted to have control of their network within country. It was sort of a niche-type play. But we’ve seen more recently, over the last 6-9 months, that model being more widely adopted,” Smith said. MOFN is becoming more widely utilized, and the good news for Ciena is that cloud providers often request that Ciena equipment be used so that it matches with the rest of their network, according to Smith.
Image Credit: Midjourney for Fierce Network
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The company also said it now expects average annual revenue growth of approximately 8% to 11% over the next three years. “Our business is linked heavily into the growth of bandwidth around the world,” CEO Gary Smith said after Ciena’s earnings call. “Traffic growth has been between 20% and 40% per year very consistently for the last two decades,” Smith told Light Reading.
Ciena believes huge investments in data centers with AI compute servers will ultimately result in more traffic traveling over U.S. and international broadband networks. “It has to come out of the data center and onto the network,” Smith said of AI data. “Now, quite where it ends up being, who can know. As an exact percentage, a lot of people are working through that, including the cloud guys,” he said about the data traffic growth rate over the next few years. “But one would expect [AI data] to layer on top of that 30% growth, is the point I’m making,” he added.
AI comes at a fortuitous time for Ciena. “You’re having to connect these GPU clusters over greater distances. We’re beginning to see general, broader traffic growth in things like inference and training. And that’s going to obviously drive our business, which is why we’re forecasting greater than normal growth,” Smith said.
Smith’s positive comments on AI traffic are noteworthy in light of some data points showing a slowdown in the rate of growth in data traffic on global networks. For example:
- OpenVault recently reported that monthly average broadband data consumption in the third quarter inched up 7.2%, the lowest rate of growth seen since the company began reporting these trends in 2012.
- In Ericsson’s newest report, Fredrik Jejdling, EVP and head of business area networks, said: “We see continued mobile network traffic growth but at a slower rate.”
- Some of the nation’s biggest Content Data Network (CDN) providers – including Akamai, Fastly and Edgio – are struggling to come to terms with a historic slowdown in Internet traffic growth. Such companies operate the content delivery networks that convey video and other digital content online.
- “In terms of traffic growth, it is growing very slowly – at rates that we haven’t seen in the 25-plus years we’ve been in this business. So it’s growing very, very slow,” Akamai CFO Ed McGowan said recently. “It’s just been a weak traffic environment.”
“The cloud providers themselves are building bigger infrastructure and networks, and laying track for even greater growth in the future as more and more of that AI traffic comes out of the data center,” Smithsaid. “So that’s why we’re predicting greater growth than normal over the next three years. It’s early days for that traffic coming out of the data center, but I think we’re seeing clear evidence around it. So you’re looking at an enormous step function in traffic flows over the next few years,” he concluded.
References:
https://www.lightreading.com/data-centers/ciena-ceo-prepare-for-the-ai-traffic-wave
https://www.fierce-network.com/broadband/cienas-ceo-says-companys-growth-linked-ai
Summit Broadband deploys 400G using Ciena’s WaveLogic 5 Extreme
DriveNets and Ciena Complete Joint Testing of 400G ZR/ZR+ optics for Network Cloud Platform
Telco spending on RAN infrastructure continues to decline as does mobile traffic growth
Analysys Mason & Light Reading: cellular data traffic growth rates are decreasing
TechCrunch: Meta to build $10 billion Subsea Cable to manage its global data traffic
Initiatives and Analysis: Nokia focuses on data centers as its top growth market
RWA, CWA and EchoStar file FCC petitions against T-Mobile’s acquisition of UScellular
The Rural Wireless Association (RWA), Communications Workers of America (CWA), and EchoStar (owns Dish Network) all filed FCC petitions requesting the agency reject T-Mobile’s proposed acquisition of “substantially all” of UScellular’s wireless operations, including some spectrum.
The proposed transaction would remove UScellular from the U.S. telecom market, thereby eliminating one of the last few remaining regional wireless network operators and strengthening T-Mobile’s position across the 21 states where UScellular maintains operations.
Public interest and consumer groups (include Public Knowledge, New America’s Open Technology Institute and Community Broadband Networks Initiative) also opposed approval. They argued that the proposed merger between T-Mobile and UScellular would “result in the loss of the fifth largest marketplace competitor with a network covering approximately 10 percent of the country’s population, reallocate spectrum resources predominantly to the three top wireless carriers only to make it nearly impossible for a fourth competitor to emerge in the market, and waste valuable funding secured for building out 5G networks.”
The deal is relatively small as telecom mergers go — valued at about $4.4 billion, including $2 billion in assumed debt — but has ignited substantial opposition. UScellular is the nation’s fifth-largest wireless carrier.
“T-Mobile is asking for the commission’s blessing to further entrench its dominance over the wireless voice and broadband markets, making it harder for others (like EchoStar) to compete. The commission should deny this transaction, which threatens to substantially harm competition while offering only illusory public interest benefits,” EchoStar wrote in a new filing to the FCC.
“The merger would substantially lessen competition in local markets where UScellular operates, hurting workers, consumers and other rural carriers. The commission should reject the proposed transaction as currently structured and require specific enforceable measures … to ensure that the merger remains in the public interest,” wrote the Communications Workers of America (CWA), a union that counts thousands of members inside AT&T and Verizon but has struggled to unionize workers in T-Mobile. The Rural Wireless Association also voiced its opposition.
This past May, T-Mobile said it would purchase around 30% of UScellular’s spectrum holdings, all of its 4.5 million customers and its retail stores in a deal worth $4.4 billion. T-Mobile has also said it will make job offers to “a significant number” of UScellular’s employees as part of the transaction. Following T-Mobile’s announcement, both AT&T and Verizon inked deals to acquire roughly $1 billion each worth of UScellular’s spectrum. T-Mobile officials still expect to close the UScellular transaction next year.
“I don’t know how many mergers you’ve heard of in the past that are like, yeah, I can promise you better networks and lower prices right from the get-go, and the company, of course, will benefit from the synergies, and it’s highly accretive. So this is going to be a win all the way around, and I’m confident the government will see it that way as well,” T-Mobile CEO Mike Sievert said this week at an investor event.
However, the U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ) advised a deeper review of T-Mobile’s UScellular proposed acquisition due to T-Mobile’s foreign owner Deutsche Telekom, which indirectly holds 50.42% of T-Mobile’s stock and also holds a proxy agreement that authorizes it to vote additional shares.
Many pundits expect T-Mobile to ultimately close on its purchase of UScellular thanks to the incoming Trump administration, which is expected to be more friendly to acquisitions than the Biden administration has been. As a precedent, Donald Trump’s first administration immediately approved T-Mobile’s $26 billion purchase of Sprint in 2020.
References:
https://www.fcc.gov/ecfs/document/1209299836114/1
https://www.fcc.gov/ecfs/document/120973502037/1
T-Mobile to acquire UScellular’s wireless operations in $4.4 billion deal
Google’s new quantum computer chip Willow infinitely outpaces the world’s fastest supercomputers
Overview:
In a blog post on Monday, Google unveiled a new quantum computer chip called Willow, which demonstrates error correction and performance that paves the way to a useful, large-scale quantum computer. Willow has state-of-the-art performance across a number of metrics, enabling two major achievements.
- The first is that Willow can reduce errors exponentially as we scale up using more qubits. This cracks a key challenge in quantum error correction that the field has pursued for almost 30 years.
- Second, Willow performed a standard benchmark computation in under five minutes that would take one of today’s fastest supercomputers 10 septillion (that is, 1025) years — a number that vastly exceeds the age of the Universe.
Google’s quantum computer chip, Willow. Photo Credit…Google Quantum AI
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Quantum computing — the result of decades of research into a type of physics called quantum mechanics — is still an experimental technology. But Google’s achievement shows that scientists are steadily improving techniques that could allow quantum computing to live up to the enormous expectations that have surrounded this big idea for decades.
“When quantum computing was originally envisioned, many people — including many leaders in the field — felt that it would never be a practical thing,” said Mikhail Lukin, a professor of physics at Harvard and a co-founder of the quantum computing start-up QuEra. “What has happened over the last year shows that it is no longer science fiction.”
As a measure of Willow’s performance, Google used the random circuit sampling (RCS) benchmark. Pioneered by its team and now widely used as a standard in the field, RCS is the classically hardest benchmark that can be done on a quantum computer today. You can think of this as an entry point for quantum computing — it checks whether a quantum computer is doing something that couldn’t be done on a classical computer.
Random circuit sampling (RCS), while extremely challenging for classical computers, has yet to demonstrate practical commercial applications. Image Credit: Google AI.
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Willow’s performance on this benchmark is astonishing: It performed a computation in under five minutes that would take one of today’s fastest supercomputers 1025 or 10 septillion years. If you want to write it out, it’s 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 years. This mind-boggling number exceeds known timescales in physics and vastly exceeds the age of the universe. It lends credence to the notion that quantum computation occurs in many parallel universes, in line with the idea that we live in a multiverse, a prediction first made by David Deutsch.
Google’s assessment of how Willow outpaces one of the world’s most powerful classical supercomputers, Frontier, was based on conservative assumptions. For example, we assumed full access to secondary storage, i.e., hard drives, without any bandwidth overhead — a generous and unrealistic allowance for Frontier. Of course, as happened after we announced the first beyond-classical computation in 2019, we expect classical computers to keep improving on this benchmark, but the rapidly growing gap shows that quantum processors are peeling away at a double exponential rate and will continue to vastly outperform classical computers as we scale up.
In a research paper published on Monday in the science journal Nature, Google said its machine had surpassed the “error correction threshold,” a milestone that scientists have been working toward for decades. That means quantum computers are on a path to a moment, still well into the future, when they can overcome their mistakes and perform calculations that could accelerate the progress of drug discovery. They could also break the encryption that protects computers vital to national security.
“What we really want these machines to do is run applications that people really care about,” said John Preskill, a theoretical physicist at the California Institute of Technology who specializes in quantum computing. “Though it still might be decades away, we will eventually see the impact of quantum computing on our everyday lives.”
Sidebar –Quantum Computing Explained:
A traditional computer like a laptop or a smartphone stores numbers in semiconductor memories or registers and then manipulates those numbers, adding them, multiplying them and so on. It performs these calculations by processing “bits” of information. Each bit holds either a 1 or a 0. But a quantum computer defies common sense. It relies on the mind-bending ways that some objects behave at the subatomic level or when exposed to extreme cold, like the exotic metal that Google chills to nearly 460 degrees below zero inside its quantum computer.
Quantum bits, or “qubits,” behave very differently from normal bits. A single object can behave like two separate objects at the same time when it is either extremely small or extremely cold. By harnessing that behavior, scientists can build a qubit that holds a combination of 1 and 0. This means that two qubits can hold four values at once. And as the number of qubits grows, a quantum computer becomes exponentially more powerful. Google builds “superconducting qubits,” where certain metals are cooled to extremely low temperatures.
Many other tech giants, including Microsoft, Intel and IBM, are building similar quantum technology as the United States jockeys with China for supremacy in this increasingly important field. As the United States has pushed forward, primarily through corporate giants and start-up companies, the Chinese government has said it is pumping more than $15.2 billion into quantum research.
With its latest superconducting computer, Google has claimed “quantum supremacy,” meaning it has built a machine capable of tasks that are beyond what any traditional computer can do. But these tasks are esoteric. They involve generating random numbers that can’t necessarily be applied to practical applications, like drug discovery.
Google and its rivals are still working toward what scientists call “quantum advantage,” when a quantum computer can accelerate the progress of other fields like chemistry and artificial intelligence or perform tasks that businesses or consumers find useful. The problem is that quantum computers still make too many errors.
Scientists have spent nearly three decades developing techniques — which are mind-bending in their own right — for getting around this problem. Now, Google has shown that as it increases the number of qubits, it can exponentially reduce the number of errors through complex analysis.
Experts believe it is only a matter of time before a quantum computer reaches its vast potential. “People no longer doubt it will be done,” Dr. Lukin said. “The question now is: When?”
References:
https://blog.google/technology/research/google-willow-quantum-chip/
https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/09/technology/google-quantum-computing.html
Quantum Computers and Qubits: IDTechEx report; Alice & Bob whitepaper & roadmap
Bloomberg on Quantum Computing: appeal, who’s building them, how does it work?
China Mobile verifies optimized 5G algorithm based on universal quantum computer
SK Telecom and Thales Trial Post-quantum Cryptography to Enhance Users’ Protection on 5G SA Network
Quantum Technologies Update: U.S. vs China now and in the future
Can Quantum Technologies Crack RSA Encryption as China Researchers Claim?
China Telecom’s 2025 priorities: cloud based AI smartphones (?), 5G new calling (GSMA), and satellite-to-phone services
At the 2024 Digital Technology Ecosystem Conference last week, China Telecom executives identified AI, 5G new calling and satellite-to-phone services as its handset priorities for 2025. The state-owned network operator, like other China telcos, is working with local manufacturers to build the devices it wants to sell through its channels.
China Telecom’s smartphone priorities align with its major corporate objectives. As China Telecom vice president Li Jun explained, devices are critical right across the business. “Terminals are an extension of the cloud network, a carrier of services, and a user interface,” he said.
China Telecom Vice President Li Jun
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China Telecom Deputy General Manager Tang Ke, introduced the progress of China Telecom and its partners in AI and emerging terminal ecosystem cooperation. He stated that in 2024, China Telecom will achieve large-scale development of basic 5G services, with over 120 million new self-registered users annually and more than 140 models of phones supporting 5G messaging.
In terms of emerging businesses, leading domestic smartphone brands fully support direct satellite connection, with 20 models available and over 4 million units activated. Leading PC brands fully integrate Tianyi Cloud Computer, further enriching applications in work, education, life, and entertainment scenarios. Domestic phones fully support quantum secure calls, with over 50 million new self-registered users. Terminals fully support the upgrade to 800M, reaching over 100 million users. Besides phones to support direct-to-cell calling, it also hoped to develop low-cost positioning tech using Beidou and 5G location capabilities.
China Telecom continues to promote comprehensive AI upgrades of terminals, collaborating with partners to expand AI terminal categories and provide users with more diverse choices and higher-quality experiences. Tang Ke revealed that, at the main forum of the “2024 Digital Technology Ecosystem Conference,” China Telecom will release its first operator-customized AI phone.
Tang Ke emphasized that in the AI era, jointly building a collaborative and mutually promoting AI terminal ecosystem has become the inevitable path of industry development. Ecosystem participants must closely coordinate in technology, industry, and business to offer users the best AI experience. China Telecom will comprehensively advance technical collaboration, accelerating coordination from levels such as chips, large models, and intelligent agents, and promoting the construction of AI technology frameworks from both the device and cloud sides. The company will comprehensively push terminal AI upgrades, accelerating the AI development of wearables, healthcare, education, innovation, and industry terminals, based on key categories such as smartphones, cameras, cloud computers, and smart speakers.
Deputy Marketing Director Shao Yantao laid out the company’s device strategy for the year ahead. He said China Telecom’s business was based on networks, cloud-network integration and quantum security, with a focus on three technology directions – AI, 5G and satellites. With AI, it aims to carry out joint product development with OEM partners to build device-cloud capabilities and establish AI models. The state owned telco will pursue “domestic and foreign” projects in cloud-based AI mobile phones.
Besides smartphones, other AI-powered products next year would likely include door locks, speakers, glasses and watches, Shao said. The other big focus area is 5G new calling, based on new IMS DC (data channel) capabilities, with the aim of opening up new use cases like screen sharing and interactive games during a voice call.
China Telecom would develop its own open-source IMS DC SDK to support AI, payments, XR and other new functionality, Shao said. But he acknowledged the need to build cooperation across the industry ecosystem. The network operator and its partners would also collaborate on Voice over WiFI and 3CC carrier aggregation for 5G-Advanced devices, he added.
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China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) claims that China has built and activated over 4.1 million 5G base stations, with the 5G network continuously extending into rural areas, achieving “5G coverage in every township.” 5G has been integrated into 80 major categories of the national economy, with over 100,000 application cases accumulated. The breadth and depth of applications continue to expand, profoundly transforming lifestyles, production methods, and governance models.
The meeting emphasized the need to leverage the implementation of the “Sailing” Action Upgrade Plan for Large-scale 5G Applications as a means to vigorously promote the large-scale development of 5G applications, supporting new types of industrialization and the modernization of the information and communications industry, thereby laying a solid foundation for building a strong network nation and advancing Chinese-style modernization.
References:
https://www.c114.com.cn/news/22/c23811.html
https://en.c114.com.cn/583/a1279613.html
https://en.c114.com.cn/583/a1279469.html
China Telecom and China Mobile invest in LEO satellite companies
China Telecom with ZTE demo single-wavelength 1.2T bps hollow-core fiber transmission system over 100T bps
ZTE and China Telecom unveil 5G-Advanced solution for B2B and B2C services
Aftermath of Salt Typhoon cyberattack: How to secure U.S. telecom networks?
Salt Typhoon Attack: On December 4, 2024, a top U.S. security agency representative confirmed reports that foreign actors, state-sponsored by the People’s Republic of China, infiltrated at least eight U.S. communications companies, compromising sensitive systems and exposing vulnerabilities in critical telecommunications infrastructure. This was part of a massive espionage campaign that has affected dozens of countries. Salt Typhoon has targeted telcos in dozens of countries for upward of two years, officials added.
Dated legacy network equipment and years of mergers and acquisitions are likely impeding the ability of telecommunications providers to prevent China inspired cyber-attacks. Until telecom operators fully secure their networks, China will keep finding ways to come back in, officials have warned.
- On Thursday, FCC chair Jessica Rosenworcel proposed a new annual certification requirement for telecom companies to prove they have an up-to-date cybersecurity risk management plan. More below.
- Senior Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and FBI officials confirmed Tuesday that U.S. telcos are still struggling to keep the China-backed hackers out of their networks — and they have no timeline for when total eviction is possible.
FCC Chair Jessica Rosenworcel suggested ‘telecom carriers’ raise their network security methods and procedures: “The cybersecurity of our nation’s communications critical infrastructure is essential to promoting national security, public safety, and economic security,” said Rosenworcel. “As technology continues to advance, so does the capabilities of adversaries, which means the U.S. must adapt and reinforce our defenses. “While the Commission’s counterparts in the intelligence community are determining the scope and impact of the Salt Typhoon attack, we need to put in place a modern framework to help companies secure their networks and better prevent and respond to cyberattacks in the future.”
Rosenworcel’s plan is to make U.S. telcos submit some kind of annual certification to the FCC, proving their cybersecurity measures are up to scratch. The clear inference from the attack itself and all the subsequent attempts to shut the stable door after the horse has bolted is that those efforts currently fall short of the mark. Understandably, none of the specific deficiencies have been publicly detailed.
These proposed FCC measures have been made available to the five members of the Commission. They may choose to vote on them at any moment. If adopted, the Declaratory Ruling would take effect immediately. The Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, if adopted, would open for public comment the cybersecurity compliance framework, which is part of a broader effort to secure the nation’s communications infrastructure.
The FCC press release refers to a recent WSJ report based on an unpublished briefing from U.S. national security adviser Anne Neuberger, in which she detailed the scale of the Salt Typhoon attack. “The Chinese compromised private companies, exploiting vulnerabilities in their systems as part of a global Chinese campaign that’s affected dozens of countries around the world,” she was quoted as saying.
Illustration: Sarah Grillo/Axios
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Legacy network equipment and years of acquisitions have made it particularly difficult for telcos to patch every access point on their networks, Cliff Steinhauer, director of information security and engagement at the National Cybersecurity Alliance, told Axios.
- Many of the systems in question are nearly 50 years old — like landline systems — and they were “never meant for the type of sensitive data and reliance that we have on them right now,” he said.
- During an acquisition, a company could also miss a server when taking stock of all its newly acquired equipment, Steinhauer said. Network engineers are often inundated with security alerts that are hard to prioritize, he added.
- U.S. telecommunications carriers are required to provide a way for law enforcement to wiretap calls as needed — providing another entry point for adversaries.
Many of the security problems telcos face require simple fixes, like implementing multifactor authentication or maintaining activity logs.
- Even CISA’s recent guidance for securing networks focuses on the security basics.
- But to keep China out, telcos would have to make sure that every device — including their legacy physical equipment, online servers and employees’ computers — is patched.
Most high-profile cyberattacks across industries come down to the basics: a compute server that didn’t have multifactor authentication turned on or an employee who was tricked into sharing their password. Even if a company invests all of its resources in cybersecurity, it may not be enough to fend off a sophisticated nation-state like China.
- These actors are skilled at covering their tracks: They could delete activity logs, pose as legitimate users, and route their traffic through compromised computers in the U.S. so they aren’t detected.
- “You’ve got a persistent, motivated attacker with vast resources to poke and prod until they get in,” Mr. Steinhauer said.
References:
https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-408015A1.pdf
https://www.axios.com/2024/12/06/telecom-cybersecurity-china-hack-us
WSJ: T-Mobile hacked by cyber-espionage group linked to Chinese Intelligence agency
NTIA and DoD report: Spectrum Sharing strategy for users of lower 37 GHz band
In a new 31-page report, the U.S. NTIA and the DoD offered spectrum sharing recommendations for federal and non-federal users in the lower 37GHz band. The NTIA is the government agency that handles federal usage of spectrum. The FCC handles commercial spectrum usage.
“The FCC, NTIA and DoD began discussions in 2020 on the details of a coordination mechanism. These discussions resulted in a draft sharing framework, based on first-in user rights,” the NTIA wrote in a press release. Here’s the backgrounder from NTIA:
- Building on prior collaborative efforts of NTIA, DoD, and the FCC, the findings reflect coordination across a range of government and industry stakeholders.
- The recommendations for a sharing framework take advantage of the physical characteristics of this band, which is well-suited for short-range and line-of-sight wireless applications.
- The report recognizes the need for flexible access tailored to both Federal and non-Federal user requirements to foster technological advances and policy innovation.
With limited incumbent uses, the band presents a “clean slate” for developing a new model for co-primary Federal and non-Federal access. Specifically, this spectrum supports the creation of very narrow, directed beams and limited propagation for ground communications, making robust forms of sharing possible.
- U.S. policymakers have long recognized the unique sharing opportunities of the Lower 37 GHz band, as well as the need to protect Federal sites, including 15 military sites, five National Aeronautics and Space Administration receiving earth station operations and two National Science Foundation sites.
- In coordination with NTIA, the FCC in 2016 adopted an Order that concluded that non-Federal fixed and mobile applications can share 37-38.6 GHz with DoD operations. The Order made the Lower 37 GHz band available for co-primary sharing, with both Federal and non-Federal users accessing the band by registering sites through a coordination mechanism.
- In 2019, the FCC established service rules addressing Federal sites for a 2020 auction in the 37 GHz band, with sharing rules for 37.0-37.6 GHz to be addressed at a later date. Among other things, the decision added one Federal site to the list of protected Federal sites in the 37 GHz band and limited future DoD access to the 37.6-38.6 GHz (Upper 37 GHz) band unless the Department could demonstrate that its operations cannot be accommodated in the Lower 37 GHz band.
- To enable an innovative sharing approach for the Lower 37 GHz band, the FCC, NTIA and DoD began discussions in 2020 on the details of a coordination mechanism. These discussions resulted in a draft sharing framework, based on first-in user rights.
- Following the release of the NSS Implementation Plan, the FCC released a 2024 Public Notice, that sought information on sharing issues in the Lower 37 GHz band, including how to accommodate various use cases through a coordination mechanism between Federal and non-Federal operators.
Image Credit: Dmytro Razinkov/Alamy Stock Photo
The NTIA outlined a detailed, two-phase sharing process for the 37GHz band: “The first phase would use simple propagation models to determine whether there are overlapping contours and permit operations to proceed in the absence of any overlap,” the NTIA wrote. “The second phase would apply in the event of overlap between a proposed site registration and an existing site already registered in the database and would require the parties to exchange more detailed data and attempt to coordinate their operations.” Next the FCC would have to implement the NTIA’s sharing recommendations.
Expected uses of the Lower 37 GHz band include data-intensive applications, such as high speed, low latency 5G services. Wireless operators view this spectrum as well-suited for providing additional bandwidth, for example during large events through indoor distributed antenna deployments. Industry also sees value in the band for addressing increased demand for mobile network capacity by offloading traffic from other bands.
- Potential use cases include fixed wireless access; high-capacity backhaul; cable supplement for Internet of things (IoT) networks and augmented reality applications; and mobile or private networks that support industrial IoT, smart factories and other high-bandwidth indoor communications applications.
- Federal users, including DoD, may leverage some of this same technology, including as part of potential additional adaptations to meet mission requirements (e.g., hardening).
- Although not being proposed for any specific frequency allocation at this time, DoD is evaluating additional use cases to meet military missions, including: (1) Unmanned Systems to provide terrestrial or maritime to aeronautical mobile and potentially space to aeronautical mobile (maritime, terrestrial) unmanned systems; and (2) Wireless Power Transfer to provide a variety of capabilities currently in development by military research labs to deliver power to wireless communication systems, mobile vehicles, surface and subsurface vehicles, and other potential uses cases.
References:
https://www.lightreading.com/5g/dod-agrees-to-spectrum-sharing-paradigm-in-37ghz
T-Mobile and Charter propose 5G spectrum sharing in 42GHz band
Big 5G Conference: 6G spectrum sharing should learn from CBRS experiences
mmWave Coalition on the need for very high frequency spectrum; DSA on dynamic spectrum sharing in response to NSF RFI
Quantum Computers and Qubits: IDTechEx report; Alice & Bob whitepaper & roadmap
Introduction:
In the last decade, the number of companies actively developing quantum computer hardware has quadrupled. Between 2022 and 2024 multiple funding rounds surpassing US$100 million have been closed, and the transition from lab-based toys to commercial product has begun. Competition is building in the quantum computing market, not only between different companies but between quantum computing technologies. The focus today has intensified on the need for logical or error-corrected qubits [1.]. The challenge ahead is to scale up hardware and increase qubit number while reducing errors as well as infrastructure demand. Leaders today have between 1 and 50 logical qubits, thousands are likely needed to provide a meaningful advantage over classical computing alternatives.
Note 1. Quantum computing is based on the use of qubits – the quantum equivalent to classical bits – the architectures available to create them vary substantially. Many are now familiar with IBM and their superconducting qubits – housed inside large cryostats and cooled to temperatures colder than deep space. Indeed, in 2023 superconducting quantum computers broke the 1000 qubit milestone – with smaller systems made accessible via the cloud for companies to trial out their problems.
However, many agree that the highest value problems – such as drug discovery – need many more qubits, perhaps millions more. As such, alternatives to the superconducting design, many proposing more inherent scalability, have received investment. There are now more than eight technology approaches meaningfully competing to reach the million-qubit milestone.
The quantum computing hardware market today has the unique property of seeing rapid growth in revenue generation despite remaining at a low technology readiness level. National laboratories and supercomputing centers are already investing in the installation of early-stage machines on premises, primarily for research but also to allow more local users the ability to ‘pay to play’. This is, in part, a result of the intensifying governmental stake in the technology – and its potential to provide significant economic and national security advantages in conjunction with quantum sensing and quantum communications. As a result, while multiple technical challenges remain, it appears that the race to commercial advantage could well be paved with gold for some. However, towards the end of the decade, as pressure mounts to deliver commercial value and return on investment – some of those leading the charge today may not necessarily prove to be the true winners in the long term.
With so many competing quantum computing technologies across a fragmented landscape, determining which approaches are likely to dominate is essential in identifying opportunities within this exciting industry. IDTechEx uses an in-house framework for quantum commercial readiness level to measure how quantum computer hardware is progressing in comparison with its classical predecessor. Furthermore, as the initial hype around quantum computing begins to cool investors will increasingly demand demonstration of practical benefits, such as quantum supremacy for commercially relevant algorithms. As such, hardware developers need to show not only the quality and quantity of qubits but the entire initialization, manipulation, and readout systems. Improving manufacturing scalability and reducing cooling requirements are also important, which will create opportunities for methodology agnostic providers of infrastructure such as speciality materials and cooling systems. By evaluating both the sector and competing quantum computing technologies, this report provides insight into the opportunities provided by this potentially transformative technology.
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Alice & Bob, a leading innovator in fault-tolerant quantum computing, just released their whitepaper and technology roadmap titled, “Think Inside the Box: Quantum Computing with Cat Qubits.”
Key highlights of the whitepaper:
- Exponential Error Reduction: Cat qubits simplify error correction by reducing it from a 2D to a 1D problem, achieving unmatched fidelity (99.999999%) and reducing hardware requirements by up to 200x compared to traditional approaches.
- Roadmap Milestones: Alice & Bob’s plan moves from mastering single qubits to developing commercially viable quantum computers by 2030, with transformative applications across industries such as finance, healthcare, and cybersecurity.
- Quantum Advantage: Their technology positions them to deliver practical solutions to computational problems that are currently beyond the reach of classical computing.
Image Credit: Alice & Bob
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The roadmap details five key milestones in Alice & Bob’s plan to deliver a universal, fault-tolerant quantum computer by 2030:
- Milestone 1: Master the Cat Qubit Achieved in 2024 with the Boson chip series, this milestone established a reliable, reproducible cat qubit capable of storing quantum information while resisting bit-flip errors. Milestone 2: Build a Logical Qubit Currently under development with the Helium chip series, this stage focuses on creating the company’s first error-corrected logical qubit operating below the error-correction threshold.
- Milestone 3: Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing With the upcoming Lithium chip series, Alice & Bob aims to scale multi-logical-qubit systems and demonstrate the first error-corrected logical gate.
- Milestone 4: Universal Quantum Computing The Beryllium chip series will enable a universal set of logical gates enabled by magic state factories and live error correction, unlocking the ability to run any quantum algorithm.
- Milestone 5: Useful Quantum Computing The Graphene chip series, featuring 100 high-fidelity logical qubits, will deliver a quantum computer capable of demonstrating quantum advantage in early industrial use cases by 2030, integrating into existing high-performance computing (HPC) facilities.
“Our roadmap lays out a clear path to solving quantum’s toughest engineering challenges,” said Raphael Lescanne, CTO and Co-Founder of Alice & Bob. “Quantum computing can seem opaque, but it shouldn’t be. This white paper makes our technology and roadmap accessible for engineers, business leaders and tech enthusiasts alike.”
Achieving practical quantum advantage requires overcoming the errors inherent in quantum systems. Quantum error correction typically relies on additional qubits to detect and correct these errors, but the resource requirements grow quadratically with complexity, making large-scale, useful quantum computing a significant challenge.
Alice & Bob’s cat qubits offer a promising solution to this bottleneck. These superconducting chips feature an active stabilization mechanism that effectively shields the qubits from some external errors. This unique approach has enabled cat qubits to set the world record for bit-flip protection, one of the two major types of errors in quantum computing, effectively eliminating them.
This protection reduces error correction from a 2D problem to a simpler, 1D problem, enabling error correction to scale more efficiently. As a result, Alice & Bob can produce high-quality logical qubits with 99.9999% fidelity, what they call a “6-nines” logical qubit, using a fraction of the resources required by other approaches.
“Quantum computing should be a tool for solving useful problems in science and industry. This white paper shows how Alice & Bob’s cat qubits can bring that vision to life in a practical way by the decade’s end,” said Théau Peronnin CEO and co-founder of Alice & Bob.
References:
https://alice-bob.com/products/solution-the-box/
Bloomberg on Quantum Computing: appeal, who’s building them, how does it work?
China Mobile verifies optimized 5G algorithm based on universal quantum computer
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Quantum Technologies Update: U.S. vs China now and in the future
AT&T will be “quantum ready” by the year 2025
AT&T to deploy Fujitsu and Mavenir radio’s in crowded urban areas
AT&T announced today that it has signed new agreements with Fujitsu and Mavenir to develop radios specifically for crowded urban areas in its Open RAN deployment using Ericsson hardware and software. The goal is to improve network performance and coverage in cities with lots of mobile data traffic.
These radios will be open C-band radios (TDD 4T4R) and dual band radios (B25/B66 FDD 4T4R) which can be attached to existing utility and light poles. They can often be hidden, making them virtually unseen from street level. We are continuing to look for opportunities to bring additional third-party radios into the network when needed.
All open radios will be managed by Ericsson’s Intelligent Automation Platform (EIAP) via open management interfaces. EIAP is Ericsson’s open network management and service orchestration platform. It supports replacing the old legacy equipment and installing the new radios without missing a beat.
When Open RAN architectures are combined with innovative applications called ‘rApps’ from either the operator or third parties, they can greatly improve the customer experience. This is achieved through better network performance, wider coverage, cost efficiency, and fosters innovation. ‘rAPPs’ are expected to play a critical role in managing and sustaining third party radio innovation opportunities.
AT&T is moving 70% of its 5G network traffic to flow across Open RAN hardware by late 2026 – our customers can relax and enjoy a better wireless experience.
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Mavenir has been selling open RAN software for years, but it entered the 5G radio sector in 2022 with its OpenBeam brand. Mavenir’s radios for AT&T will be managed by Ericsson’s Intelligent Automation Platform (EIAP).
AT&T said it would only use Mavenir radios in “crowded urban areas,” which are typically covered by small cell radios rather than massive macro cell sites. The operator did not say how many Mavenir radios it would use nor when it might start deploying those radios.
“Maybe the initial thinking is it’s small cells, but there’s a bigger strategy at play here,” AT&T’s Jeff McElfresh said during a media event on Tuesday. McElfresh explained that small cells could play an important role inside AT&T’s network as network traffic increases. After all, small cells are viewed as a way to increase overall wireless network capacity in the absence of additional spectrum.
Mavenir’s other 5G radio customers include Paradise Mobile and Triangle Communications.
Aramco Digital, the tech-focused subsidiary of oil giant Saudi Aramco, is poised to invest $1 billion into Mavenir for a significant minority stake in the business.
That cash is needed. S&P Global recently warned that Mavenir is close to default or restructuring because it has insufficient funds to cover looming debt obligations.
References:
https://about.att.com/blogs/2024/open-ran-new-collaborations.html
https://www.lightreading.com/open-ran/at-t-to-deploy-radios-from-mavenir